The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs has published the World Social Report 2023: Leaving no one behind in an ageing world.
- The World Social Report is the flagship publication on major social development issues of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations.
Key highlights or the report
- The report calls for concrete measures to support the greying global population, amidst escalating pension and healthcare costs.
- Longer lifespans globally: In 2021, 761 million people worldwide were aged 65 and older, which will rise to 1.6 billion by 2050. The number of people aged 80 years or older is growing even faster. People are living longer thanks to improvements in health and medical therapies, greater access to education and reductions in fertility. Globally, a child born in 2021 can expect to live, on average, to age 71, with women living longer than men. This is nearly 25 years more than a baby born in 1950. Northern Africa, Western Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, are on track to experience the fastest growth in the number of older people over the next 30 years. Today, Europe and Northern America combined, have the highest share of this population.
- Inequality in ageing: Increased global life expectancy reflects better health overall. However, the report points to inequalities in our ageing world, because not everyone has benefited equally from the improvements in health and education that are driving this transformation. While many older people are in excellent health or “economically active”, others live with ailments or in poverty. Furthermore, an ageing global population also means a rise in the need for long-term care, a weakness exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, public spending in most countries has not been sufficient to cover the growing demand.
- A lifetime of disadvantage: Life expectancy is strongly influenced by factors such as income, education, gender, ethnicity and place of residence. Some combinations of these factors have too often led to systemic disadvantage that begins early in life. They warned that without policies to prevent them, these systemic disadvantages reinforce one another throughout peoples’ lives, leading to gaping disparities in old age.
- Rethink policies, expand opportunities: The report recommends that countries rethink long-held policies and practices associated with livelihoods and work. Many governments are already introducing opportunities for life-long learning, as well as strengthening and taking full advantage of intergenerational workforces. They are also introducing flexible retirement ages to accommodate a broad range of personal situations and preferences.
- Pension dilemma: Authorities must also rethink social protection systems, including pension provision. One major challenge is maintaining the fiscal sustainability of public pension systems while ensuring income security for all older persons, including workers in informal employment. Other crucial elements involve expanding decent work opportunities for women and other groups traditionally excluded from the formal job market. The aim is to secure their well-being when older, and to expand the productive capacity of the economy.
