For the first half of the Earth’s history, there was no oxygen in the atmosphere. According to a study published in Nature Communications, early oxygen-producing lifeforms were giving it everything they had, they were fighting an uphill battle. The oxygen they produced combined with things like hydrogen, and was removed from the atmosphere.
The content of Earth’s ancient mantle was controlling the atmospheric concentration of oxygen through volcanic activity. And until enough oxygen was concentrated in the atmosphere, complex multicellular life couldn’t get going.
But about 2.4 billion years ago, everything changed for Earth. That was the time of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), when photosynthetic bacteria flooded the atmosphere with oxygen, banishing early, non-oxygen using lifeforms to the fringes of the Earth. Without it, there could never have been any animals that breathe oxygen: no insects, no fish, and certainly no humans.
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