The Reserve Bank of India has released a report on Municipal Finances which says that municipal corporations across India must explore ways to foster alternative and sustainable resource mobilisation through municipal bonds.
Key highlights
- RBI notes that even though the size of municipal budgets in India are much smaller than peers in other countries, revenues are dominated by property tax collections and devolution of taxes and grants from upper tiers of government, resulting in lack of financial autonomy.
- Compiling and analysing budgetary data for 201 municipal corporations across all States, the RBI Report explores ‘Alternative Sources of Financing for Municipal Corporations’ as its theme.
- Municipal corporations rely on borrowings from banks and financial institutions and loans from Centre/State governments to finance their resource gaps in the absence of a well-developed market for municipal bonds.
- Accordingly, RBI has said that municipal corporations should explore different innovative bond and land-based financing mechanisms to augment their resources.
- Stating that land-based financing has remained a grossly taped avenue, RBI has suggested that municipal corporations should consider including vacant land tax; a two-part property tax with a higher rate for land than buildings; sharing of stamp duty, development impact fees; betterment and external betterment charges while approving layouts and building construction; and land monetisation.
- The report says municipal corporations need to adopt sound and transparent accounting practices with proper monitoring and documentation of various receipts and expenditure items. Accordingly, they must enhance the gamut of e-services and work in close coordination with local communities.
Sources of Municipal revenues
- The revenue base of MCs can be broadly categorized into: (a) tax revenues, (b) non-tax revenues, (c) assigned (shared) revenue, (c) grants-in-aid, (d) loans and (e) other receipts.
- Tax revenues include; Property Tax, Octroi, Advertisement Tax, Tax on Animals, Vacant Land Tax.
- Non-tax revenues include: User Charges, Municipal Fees, Sale & Hire Charges, Lease amounts.
