Researchers at Smithsonian Institution, Washington have discovered five new species of black corals living as deep as 2,500 feet (760 metres) below the surface in the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea off the coast of Australia.
About Black corals
- Black corals are a group of corals that belong to the order Antipatharia.
- All black corals have a skeleton made of protein and chitin (the same material as an insect skeleton).
- In addition, black corals do not have symbiotic algae associated with them, and they do not require light which enables them to extend into depths where light is not present.
- Black corals can be found growing both in shallow waters and down to depths of over 26,000 feet (8,000 meters), and some individual corals can live for over 4,000 years.
- Many of these corals are branched and look like feathers, fans or bushes, while others are straight like a whip.
- Unlike their colourful, shallow-water cousins that rely on the sun and photosynthesis for energy, black corals are filter feeders and eat tiny zooplankton that are abundant in deep waters.
- Similarly to shallow-water corals that build colourful reefs full of fish, black corals act as important habitats where fish and invertebrates feed and hide from predators in what is otherwise a mostly barren sea floor.
- For example, a single black coral colony researchers collected in 2005 off the coast of California was home to 2,554 individual invertebrates.
