A recent report highlights a serious environmental and public health concern regarding manganese (Mn) contamination in the Gangetic plains of Bihar.
Key Findings:
- Link to Cancer: The study by Mahavir Cancer Sansthan suggests that high levels of Mn in groundwater are correlated with increased cancer cases in Bihar, particularly in the middle Gangetic plain region. (Source-Down To Earth)
- Concentration Levels: Blood samples of cancer patients showed alarming levels of Mn contamination, with the highest concentration being 6,022 µg/L.
- Geospatial Distribution: The contamination has a significant distribution pattern, emphasizing the need for localized investigations and interventions.
Sources of Contamination:
- Geogenic: Natural deposits of Mn in sedimentary or igneous rocks.
- Anthropogenic: Industrial pollution contributing to groundwater contamination.
Toxicity of Manganese:
- Mn is a vital trace element essential for maintaining body homeostasis but becomes toxic at higher concentrations.
- Excessive exposure can lead to severe health conditions, including neurological disorders and potentially cancer.
- Mn poisoning cases are rarely reported, with the first Indian case documented in 1957 among miners in Maharashtra.
Broader Context:
- Global Presence: Mn is the fifth-most abundant metal on Earth, found in food, water, soil, and rock.
- Major Producers: South Africa leads global production, while MOIL contributes significantly to India’s domestic production.
Implications:
- Health Risks: The study underscores the need to monitor and regulate Mn levels in drinking water, especially in regions reliant on groundwater.
- Environmental Policy: Local governments and environmental agencies need to address both natural and industrial sources of contamination.
- Further Research: Comprehensive studies on the geogenic and anthropogenic impacts of Mn contamination are crucial for formulating mitigation strategies.
