The groundbreaking research by IIT Bombay researchers highlights a promising sustainable approach to address soil contamination and boost agricultural productivity. By harnessing the power of specific bacterial species, the study provides solutions for tackling the adverse effects of aromatic pollutants in soil while enhancing soil health.
Key Highlights of the Research:
- Bacteria as Bioremediators:
- The researchers identified bacteria, primarily from the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, capable of breaking down aromatic compounds commonly found in pesticides and industrial waste.
- These bacteria degrade pollutants such as carbaryl, naphthalene, benzoate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and phthalates.
- Dual Benefits:
- Pollution Reduction: These bacteria consume toxic pollutants, effectively cleaning the soil.
- Soil Fertility: By-products of bacterial activity include soluble forms of essential nutrients like phosphorus and potassium, making them readily available to plants.
- Plant Growth Enhancement:
- Identified bacteria produce indoleacetic acid (IAA), a plant growth hormone that promotes root and shoot development.
- They release siderophores, which enhance plant iron absorption in nutrient-deficient soils.
- They inhibit harmful fungi, contributing to healthier crop growth.
- Reduced Chemical Dependency:
- By naturally replacing chemical pesticides and fertilizers, these bacteria could lower reliance on harmful agricultural inputs, improving long-term soil health and sustainability.
Challenges Addressed:
- Soil Contamination: Aromatic pollutants from pesticides, herbicides, and industrial by-products inhibit seed germination, reduce plant growth, and accumulate in plants, posing risks to human health and the environment.
- Limitations of Traditional Methods:
- Chemical Treatments: Costly and often incomplete.
- Soil Removal: Unsustainable and resource-intensive.
Source: IIT Bombay
