The Flightless Antarctic Midge (Belgica antarctica) is the only known insect native to Antarctica, uniquely adapted to survive its harsh, freezing environment. Researchers have recently uncovered how this insect endures extreme conditions by employing two distinct dormancy strategies over its two-year life cycle:
- Quiescence (Year 1) – A rapid, reversible dormancy triggered by sudden environmental stress. The midge quickly resumes activity once conditions improve, allowing it to maximize survival during short Antarctic summers.
- Obligate Diapause (Year 2) – A pre-programmed dormancy that occurs at a specific life stage, regardless of immediate environmental conditions. This adaptation is more common in temperate insects but is rare in polar regions, making the midge’s survival strategy particularly fascinating.
These adaptive mechanisms help Belgica antarctica withstand extreme cold, dehydration, and nutrient scarcity, making it a remarkable example of evolutionary resilience.
(Source: The Hindu)
